{
 "schema": "seven-sky/county-housing-report/1",
 "generator_version": "1.0.0",
 "fips": "25025",
 "name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
 "county": "Suffolk County",
 "state": "Massachusetts",
 "built": "7 October 2026",
 "statement": "This report is information from public data, not advice to buy, sell, rent or invest, and it makes no forecast.",
 "summary": [
  {
   "text": "The median value of owner-occupied homes in Suffolk County was $705,800, give or take $8,139. (ACS 2020-2024, table B25077)",
   "figures": [
    "county.median_home_value.2020-2024",
    "county.median_home_value.2020-2024"
   ],
   "comparisons": []
  },
  {
   "text": "FHFA's house price index for Suffolk County rose 3.4 percent from 2024 to 2025 and rose 34.8 percent from 2020 to 2025. (FHFA HPI, 2025 and 2020-2025)",
   "figures": [
    "county.hpi_change_1yr.2025",
    "county.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025"
   ],
   "comparisons": [
    {
     "claim": "higher",
     "a": "county.hpi_index.2025",
     "b": "county.hpi_index.2024"
    },
    {
     "claim": "higher",
     "a": "county.hpi_index.2025",
     "b": "county.hpi_index.2020"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "text": "Median gross rent was $2,129 a month, give or take $24, and 52.0 percent of renter households, give or take 1.2 points, paid 30 percent or more of their income in rent. (ACS 2020-2024, tables B25064 and B25070)",
   "figures": [
    "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
    "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
    "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
    "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024"
   ],
   "comparisons": []
  },
  {
   "text": "Median household income was $95,631, give or take $1,765, and 36.5 percent of households, give or take 0.7 points, owned their home. (ACS 2020-2024, tables B19013 and B25003)",
   "figures": [
    "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
    "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
    "county.owner_share.2020-2024",
    "county.owner_share.2020-2024"
   ],
   "comparisons": []
  },
  {
   "text": "Building permits authorized 2,338 new homes in Suffolk County in 2025. (Building Permits Survey, 2025)",
   "figures": [
    "county.permits_units.2025"
   ],
   "comparisons": []
  }
 ],
 "tiles": [
  {
   "label": "Median home value",
   "value": "$705,800",
   "margin": "±$8,139",
   "note": "",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25077",
   "figures": [
    "county.median_home_value.2020-2024",
    "county.median_home_value.2020-2024"
   ]
  },
  {
   "label": "Median gross rent, a month",
   "value": "$2,129",
   "margin": "±$24",
   "note": "",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25064",
   "figures": [
    "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
    "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024"
   ]
  },
  {
   "label": "Median household income",
   "value": "$95,631",
   "margin": "±$1,765",
   "note": "",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B19013",
   "figures": [
    "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
    "county.median_household_income.2020-2024"
   ]
  },
  {
   "label": "Households that own their home",
   "value": "36.5%",
   "margin": "±0.7 points",
   "note": "",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25003",
   "figures": [
    "county.owner_share.2020-2024",
    "county.owner_share.2020-2024"
   ]
  },
  {
   "label": "New homes authorized, 2025",
   "value": "2,338",
   "margin": "",
   "note": "no margin of error published",
   "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2025",
   "figures": [
    "county.permits_units.2025"
   ]
  },
  {
   "label": "House price index, change 2024 to 2025",
   "value": "3.4%",
   "margin": "",
   "note": "no margin of error published",
   "source": "FHFA HPI, 2025",
   "figures": [
    "county.hpi_change_1yr.2025"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "charts": [
  {
   "id": "value",
   "title": "Median home value",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25077",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "hpi",
   "title": "House price index",
   "kind": "lines",
   "source": "FHFA HPI, 2015 to 2025",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ratio",
   "title": "Home value divided by income",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, tables B19013 and B25077",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "rent",
   "title": "Median gross rent, a month",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25064",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "income",
   "title": "Median household income",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B19013",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "rburden",
   "title": "Renters paying 30 percent or more of income in rent",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25070",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "oburden",
   "title": "Owners paying 30 percent or more of income in housing costs",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25091",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "own",
   "title": "Households that own their home",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25003",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "permits",
   "title": "New homes authorized by permits, Suffolk County",
   "kind": "columns",
   "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2015 to 2025",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "prate",
   "title": "Homes authorized in 2025 per 1,000 existing homes",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2025; ACS 2020-2024, table B25001",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "vacancy",
   "title": "Homes that are vacant",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25002",
   "note": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "seasonal",
   "title": "Homes for seasonal or occasional use",
   "kind": "bars",
   "source": "ACS 2020-2024, tables B25002 and B25004",
   "note": ""
  }
 ],
 "sections": [
  {
   "id": "home-values",
   "title": "Home values and their change",
   "paragraphs": [
    {
     "text": "The median value of owner-occupied homes in Suffolk County was $705,800, give or take $8,139. That is higher than in Massachusetts ($562,100, give or take $2,169) and higher than in the United States ($332,700, give or take $236). (ACS 2020-2024, table B25077)",
     "figures": [
      "county.median_home_value.2020-2024",
      "county.median_home_value.2020-2024",
      "state.median_home_value.2020-2024",
      "state.median_home_value.2020-2024",
      "nation.median_home_value.2020-2024",
      "nation.median_home_value.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.median_home_value.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.median_home_value.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.median_home_value.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.median_home_value.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "text": "FHFA's house price index for Suffolk County rose 3.4 percent from 2024 to 2025 and rose 34.8 percent from 2020 to 2025. (FHFA HPI, 2025 and 2020-2025)",
     "figures": [
      "county.hpi_change_1yr.2025",
      "county.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.hpi_index.2025",
       "b": "county.hpi_index.2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.hpi_index.2025",
       "b": "county.hpi_index.2020"
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "text": "The five-year change in Suffolk County (34.8 percent) was lower than in Massachusetts (49.2 percent) and lower than in the United States (47.0 percent). FHFA publishes no margin of error for this index and calls the annual county index developmental. (FHFA HPI, 2020-2025)",
     "figures": [
      "county.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025",
      "state.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025",
      "nation.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "lower",
       "a": "county.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025",
       "b": "state.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025"
      },
      {
       "claim": "lower",
       "a": "county.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025",
       "b": "nation.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025"
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "text": "The median home value in Suffolk County was 7.38 times the median household income, give or take 0.16. That is higher than in Massachusetts (5.41, give or take 0.03) and higher than in the United States (4.12, give or take 0.01). (ACS 2020-2024, tables B19013 and B25077)",
     "figures": [
      "county.value_to_income.2020-2024",
      "county.value_to_income.2020-2024",
      "state.value_to_income.2020-2024",
      "state.value_to_income.2020-2024",
      "nation.value_to_income.2020-2024",
      "nation.value_to_income.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.value_to_income.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.value_to_income.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.value_to_income.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.value_to_income.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    }
   ],
   "notes": [
    "The median home value is what owners told the survey their home is worth. It is not a sale price.",
    "The FHFA index tracks repeat sales and appraisals on mortgages bought or guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. It measures change, not a price in dollars."
   ],
   "tables": [
    {
     "caption": "House price index, each place starting at the same level in 2015",
     "columns": [
      "Year and source",
      "Suffolk County",
      "Massachusetts",
      "United States"
     ],
     "rows": [
      {
       "label": "2015",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2015",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "100.0",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2015"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "100.0",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2015"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "100.0",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2015"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2016",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2016",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "109.1",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2016"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "104.9",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2016"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "105.3",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2016"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2017",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2017",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "118.8",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2017"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "110.8",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2017"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "111.0",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2017"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2018",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2018",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "127.5",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2018"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "116.7",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2018"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "117.3",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2018"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2019",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2019",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "134.8",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2019"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "121.6",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2019"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "122.2",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2019"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2020",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2020",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "138.6",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2020"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "125.4",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2020"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "125.9",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2020"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2021",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2021",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "148.6",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2021"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "139.2",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2021"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "140.5",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2021"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2022",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2022",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "166.5",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2022"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "157.6",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2022"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "162.2",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2022"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2023",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2023",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "169.0",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2023"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "169.7",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2023"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "171.5",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2023"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2024",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2024",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "180.6",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "180.5",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "179.9",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2025",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2025",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "186.7",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_index.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "187.1",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_index.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "185.0",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_index.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "rents",
   "title": "Rents",
   "paragraphs": [
    {
     "text": "Median gross rent in Suffolk County was $2,129 a month, give or take $24. That is higher than in Massachusetts ($1,762, give or take $9) and higher than in the United States ($1,413, give or take $2). (ACS 2020-2024, table B25064)",
     "figures": [
      "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
      "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
      "state.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
      "state.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
      "nation.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
      "nation.median_gross_rent.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.median_gross_rent.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.median_gross_rent.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "text": "The median renter household in Suffolk County spent 31.0 percent of its income on gross rent, give or take 0.5 points. That is not measurably different from Massachusetts (30.9 percent, give or take 0.3 points) and not measurably different from the United States (30.6 percent, give or take 0.1 points). Not measurably different means the gap is inside the margin of error. (ACS 2020-2024, table B25071)",
     "figures": [
      "county.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
      "county.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
      "state.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
      "state.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
      "nation.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
      "nation.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "nodiff",
       "a": "county.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "nodiff",
       "a": "county.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    }
   ],
   "notes": [
    "Gross rent is the contract rent plus what the renter pays for utilities and fuels. It covers all renters in the survey, not only homes on the market now."
   ],
   "tables": []
  },
  {
   "id": "income",
   "title": "Household income",
   "paragraphs": [
    {
     "text": "Median household income in Suffolk County was $95,631, give or take $1,765. That is lower than in Massachusetts ($103,960, give or take $527) and higher than in the United States ($80,734, give or take $166). (ACS 2020-2024, table B19013)",
     "figures": [
      "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
      "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
      "state.median_household_income.2020-2024",
      "state.median_household_income.2020-2024",
      "nation.median_household_income.2020-2024",
      "nation.median_household_income.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "lower",
       "a": "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.median_household_income.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.median_household_income.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    }
   ],
   "notes": [
    "Income is for the past twelve months, in the dollars of the last year of the survey period."
   ],
   "tables": []
  },
  {
   "id": "housing-costs",
   "title": "The share of income spent on housing",
   "paragraphs": [
    {
     "text": "In Suffolk County, 52.0 percent of renter households, give or take 1.2 points, paid 30 percent or more of their income in rent. That is not measurably different from Massachusetts (51.8 percent, give or take 0.6 points) and not measurably different from the United States (51.1 percent, give or take 0.3 points). Not measurably different means the gap is inside the margin of error. (ACS 2020-2024, table B25070)",
     "figures": [
      "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "state.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "state.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "nation.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "nation.renter_burden_share.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "nodiff",
       "a": "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.renter_burden_share.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "nodiff",
       "a": "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.renter_burden_share.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "text": "In Suffolk County, 26.1 percent of renter households, give or take 0.7 points, paid 50 percent or more of their income in rent. (ACS 2020-2024, table B25070)",
     "figures": [
      "county.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "county.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": []
    },
    {
     "text": "In Suffolk County, 28.5 percent of owner households, give or take 1.0 points, paid 30 percent or more of their income in housing costs. That is higher than in Massachusetts (26.5 percent, give or take 0.3 points) and higher than in the United States (22.7 percent, give or take 0.1 points). (ACS 2020-2024, table B25091)",
     "figures": [
      "county.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "county.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "state.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "state.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "nation.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
      "nation.owner_burden_share.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.owner_burden_share.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.owner_burden_share.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    }
   ],
   "notes": [
    "Housing costs at 30 percent or more of income is a common yardstick in housing statistics. It describes a group. It is not a judgment about any household.",
    "Households for which the survey could not compute the share are left out of both the count and the base."
   ],
   "tables": []
  },
  {
   "id": "owners-and-renters",
   "title": "Owners and renters",
   "paragraphs": [
    {
     "text": "In Suffolk County, 36.5 percent of households, give or take 0.7 points, owned their home. That is lower than in Massachusetts (62.5 percent, give or take 0.3 points) and lower than in the United States (65.2 percent, give or take 0.3 points). (ACS 2020-2024, table B25003)",
     "figures": [
      "county.owner_share.2020-2024",
      "county.owner_share.2020-2024",
      "state.owner_share.2020-2024",
      "state.owner_share.2020-2024",
      "nation.owner_share.2020-2024",
      "nation.owner_share.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "lower",
       "a": "county.owner_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.owner_share.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "lower",
       "a": "county.owner_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.owner_share.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "text": "The survey counted 119,335 owner households, give or take 2,329, and 207,832 renter households, give or take 2,448. (ACS 2020-2024, table B25003)",
     "figures": [
      "county.owner_units.2020-2024",
      "county.owner_units.2020-2024",
      "county.renter_units.2020-2024",
      "county.renter_units.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": []
    }
   ],
   "notes": [],
   "tables": []
  },
  {
   "id": "new-permits",
   "title": "New permits",
   "paragraphs": [
    {
     "text": "Building permits authorized 2,338 new homes in Suffolk County in 2025: 231 single-family homes, 29 in buildings of two to four homes and 2,078 in buildings of five or more homes. (Building Permits Survey, 2025)",
     "figures": [
      "county.permits_units.2025",
      "county.permits_units_1.2025",
      "county.permits_units_2_4.2025",
      "county.permits_units_5plus.2025"
     ],
     "comparisons": []
    },
    {
     "text": "Permit offices reported 2,119 of those homes. The Census Bureau estimated the rest for offices that did not report all year. (Building Permits Survey, 2025)",
     "figures": [
      "county.permits_units_reported.2025"
     ],
     "comparisons": []
    },
    {
     "text": "Set against the homes already standing, that is 6.5 homes authorized per 1,000 existing homes. That is higher than in Massachusetts (4.1) and lower than in the United States (10.0). (Building Permits Survey, 2025; ACS 2020-2024, table B25001)",
     "figures": [
      "county.permits_per_1000_homes.2025",
      "state.permits_per_1000_homes.2025",
      "nation.permits_per_1000_homes.2025"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "higher",
       "a": "county.permits_per_1000_homes.2025",
       "b": "state.permits_per_1000_homes.2025"
      },
      {
       "claim": "lower",
       "a": "county.permits_per_1000_homes.2025",
       "b": "nation.permits_per_1000_homes.2025"
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "text": "From 2015 to 2025 the yearly count ranged from 2,007 (in 2024) to 5,313 (in 2015). (Building Permits Survey, 2015 to 2025)",
     "figures": [
      "county.permits_units.2024",
      "county.permits_units.2015"
     ],
     "comparisons": []
    }
   ],
   "notes": [
    "A permit authorizes building. It does not show that a home was started or finished.",
    "The Census Bureau publishes no margin of error in the annual county permit files."
   ],
   "tables": [
    {
     "caption": "Homes authorized by building permits in Suffolk County, by year",
     "columns": [
      "Year and source",
      "Homes authorized"
     ],
     "rows": [
      {
       "label": "2015",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2015",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "5,313",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2015"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2016",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2016",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "3,439",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2016"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2017",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2017",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "5,235",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2017"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2018",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2018",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "3,738",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2018"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2019",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2019",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "3,169",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2019"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2020",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2020",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "3,696",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2020"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2021",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2021",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "3,738",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2021"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2022",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2022",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "4,069",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2022"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2023",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2023",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "2,590",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2023"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2024",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2024",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "2,007",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "2025",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2025",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "2,338",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "vacancy",
   "title": "Vacancy",
   "paragraphs": [
    {
     "text": "In Suffolk County, 8.4 percent of homes, give or take 0.4 points, were vacant when surveyed. That is not measurably different from Massachusetts (8.1 percent, give or take 0.2 points) and lower than in the United States (10.1 percent, give or take 0.1 points). Not measurably different means the gap is inside the margin of error. (ACS 2020-2024, table B25002)",
     "figures": [
      "county.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
      "county.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
      "state.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
      "state.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
      "nation.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
      "nation.vacancy_share.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "nodiff",
       "a": "county.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.vacancy_share.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "lower",
       "a": "county.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.vacancy_share.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "text": "In Suffolk County, 1.3 percent of all homes, give or take 0.2 points, were held for seasonal, recreational or occasional use. That is lower than in Massachusetts (3.7 percent, give or take 0.1 points) and lower than in the United States (3.3 percent). (ACS 2020-2024, tables B25002 and B25004)",
     "figures": [
      "county.seasonal_share.2020-2024",
      "county.seasonal_share.2020-2024",
      "state.seasonal_share.2020-2024",
      "state.seasonal_share.2020-2024",
      "nation.seasonal_share.2020-2024"
     ],
     "comparisons": [
      {
       "claim": "lower",
       "a": "county.seasonal_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "state.seasonal_share.2020-2024"
      },
      {
       "claim": "lower",
       "a": "county.seasonal_share.2020-2024",
       "b": "nation.seasonal_share.2020-2024"
      }
     ]
    }
   ],
   "notes": [
    "The survey counts a home as vacant if no one lives there as a usual residence when surveyed. Homes held for seasonal or occasional use are counted as vacant."
   ],
   "tables": []
  },
  {
   "id": "change",
   "title": "Change between the two survey periods",
   "paragraphs": [],
   "notes": [
    "The two survey periods do not overlap, so their figures can be set side by side.",
    "Dollar figures are in the dollars of each period and are not adjusted for inflation."
   ],
   "tables": [
    {
     "caption": "Suffolk County: 2015-2019 and 2020-2024",
     "columns": [
      "Measure and source",
      "2015-2019",
      "2020-2024",
      "Reading"
     ],
     "rows": [
      {
       "label": "Median home value",
       "source": "ACS 2015-2019, table B25077; ACS 2020-2024, table B25077",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "$496,500 (±$4,770)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_home_value.2015-2019",
          "county.median_home_value.2015-2019"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "$705,800 (±$8,139)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_home_value.2020-2024",
          "county.median_home_value.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "Higher in the later period",
         "figures": [],
         "comparisons": [
          {
           "claim": "higher",
           "a": "county.median_home_value.2020-2024",
           "b": "county.median_home_value.2015-2019"
          }
         ]
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Median gross rent",
       "source": "ACS 2015-2019, table B25064; ACS 2020-2024, table B25064",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "$1,590 (±$14)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_gross_rent.2015-2019",
          "county.median_gross_rent.2015-2019"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "$2,129 (±$24)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
          "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "Higher in the later period",
         "figures": [],
         "comparisons": [
          {
           "claim": "higher",
           "a": "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
           "b": "county.median_gross_rent.2015-2019"
          }
         ]
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Median household income",
       "source": "ACS 2015-2019, table B19013; ACS 2020-2024, table B19013",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "$69,669 (±$1,298)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_household_income.2015-2019",
          "county.median_household_income.2015-2019"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "$95,631 (±$1,765)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
          "county.median_household_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "Higher in the later period",
         "figures": [],
         "comparisons": [
          {
           "claim": "higher",
           "a": "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
           "b": "county.median_household_income.2015-2019"
          }
         ]
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Share of households that own (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2015-2019, table B25003; ACS 2020-2024, table B25003",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "36.1% (±0.5 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.owner_share.2015-2019",
          "county.owner_share.2015-2019"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "36.5% (±0.7 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.owner_share.2020-2024",
          "county.owner_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "No measurable change: the gap is inside the margin of error",
         "figures": [],
         "comparisons": [
          {
           "claim": "nodiff",
           "a": "county.owner_share.2020-2024",
           "b": "county.owner_share.2015-2019"
          }
         ]
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Renters paying 30 percent or more of income on rent (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2015-2019, table B25070; ACS 2020-2024, table B25070",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "50.9% (±1.1 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.renter_burden_share.2015-2019",
          "county.renter_burden_share.2015-2019"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "52.0% (±1.2 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "No measurable change: the gap is inside the margin of error",
         "figures": [],
         "comparisons": [
          {
           "claim": "nodiff",
           "a": "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
           "b": "county.renter_burden_share.2015-2019"
          }
         ]
        }
       ]
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "compare",
   "title": "County, state and nation: all figures",
   "paragraphs": [],
   "notes": [
    "Each cell shows the estimate, with its margin of error on the line under it where the source publishes one."
   ],
   "tables": [
    {
     "caption": "All figures, side by side",
     "columns": [
      "Measure, year and source",
      "Suffolk County",
      "Massachusetts",
      "United States"
     ],
     "rows": [
      {
       "label": "Population",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B01003",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "785,121",
         "figures": [
          "county.population.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "7,044,056",
         "figures": [
          "state.population.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "334,922,499",
         "figures": [
          "nation.population.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Homes (housing units)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25001",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "357,290 (±240)",
         "figures": [
          "county.housing_units.2020-2024",
          "county.housing_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "3,030,406 (±453)",
         "figures": [
          "state.housing_units.2020-2024",
          "state.housing_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "143,775,355 (±10,234)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.housing_units.2020-2024",
          "nation.housing_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Occupied homes (households)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25002",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "327,167 (±1,440)",
         "figures": [
          "county.occupied_units.2020-2024",
          "county.occupied_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "2,785,042 (±5,182)",
         "figures": [
          "state.occupied_units.2020-2024",
          "state.occupied_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "129,227,496 (±209,365)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.occupied_units.2020-2024",
          "nation.occupied_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Median home value",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25077",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "$705,800 (±$8,139)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_home_value.2020-2024",
          "county.median_home_value.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "$562,100 (±$2,169)",
         "figures": [
          "state.median_home_value.2020-2024",
          "state.median_home_value.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "$332,700 (±$236)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.median_home_value.2020-2024",
          "nation.median_home_value.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Median home value divided by median household income (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, tables B19013 and B25077",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "7.38 (±0.16)",
         "figures": [
          "county.value_to_income.2020-2024",
          "county.value_to_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "5.41 (±0.03)",
         "figures": [
          "state.value_to_income.2020-2024",
          "state.value_to_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "4.12 (±0.01)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.value_to_income.2020-2024",
          "nation.value_to_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "House price index, change over one year",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2025",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "3.4%",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_change_1yr.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "3.7%",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_change_1yr.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "2.9%",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_change_1yr.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "House price index, change over five years (derived)",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2020-2025",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "34.8%",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "49.2%",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "47.0%",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "House price index, change over ten years (derived)",
       "source": "FHFA HPI, 2015-2025",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "86.7%",
         "figures": [
          "county.hpi_change_10yr.2015-2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "87.1%",
         "figures": [
          "state.hpi_change_10yr.2015-2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "85.0%",
         "figures": [
          "nation.hpi_change_10yr.2015-2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Median gross rent",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25064",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "$2,129 (±$24)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
          "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "$1,762 (±$9)",
         "figures": [
          "state.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
          "state.median_gross_rent.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "$1,413 (±$2)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.median_gross_rent.2020-2024",
          "nation.median_gross_rent.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Median gross rent as a share of household income",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25071",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "31.0% (±0.5 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
          "county.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "30.9% (±0.3 points)",
         "figures": [
          "state.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
          "state.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "30.6% (±0.1 points)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024",
          "nation.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Median household income",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B19013",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "$95,631 (±$1,765)",
         "figures": [
          "county.median_household_income.2020-2024",
          "county.median_household_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "$103,960 (±$527)",
         "figures": [
          "state.median_household_income.2020-2024",
          "state.median_household_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "$80,734 (±$166)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.median_household_income.2020-2024",
          "nation.median_household_income.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Renters paying 30 percent or more of income on rent (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25070",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "52.0% (±1.2 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "51.8% (±0.6 points)",
         "figures": [
          "state.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "state.renter_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "51.1% (±0.3 points)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.renter_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "nation.renter_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Renters paying 50 percent or more of income on rent (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25070",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "26.1% (±0.7 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "county.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "26.1% (±0.4 points)",
         "figures": [
          "state.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "state.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "25.9% (±0.1 points)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "nation.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Owners paying 30 percent or more of income on housing (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25091",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "28.5% (±1.0 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "county.owner_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "26.5% (±0.3 points)",
         "figures": [
          "state.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "state.owner_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "22.7% (±0.1 points)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.owner_burden_share.2020-2024",
          "nation.owner_burden_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Owner-occupied homes",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25003",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "119,335 (±2,329)",
         "figures": [
          "county.owner_units.2020-2024",
          "county.owner_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "1,741,158 (±8,598)",
         "figures": [
          "state.owner_units.2020-2024",
          "state.owner_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "84,210,142 (±367,889)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.owner_units.2020-2024",
          "nation.owner_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Renter-occupied homes",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25003",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "207,832 (±2,448)",
         "figures": [
          "county.renter_units.2020-2024",
          "county.renter_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "1,043,884 (±6,942)",
         "figures": [
          "state.renter_units.2020-2024",
          "state.renter_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "45,017,354 (±163,571)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.renter_units.2020-2024",
          "nation.renter_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Share of households that own (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25003",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "36.5% (±0.7 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.owner_share.2020-2024",
          "county.owner_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "62.5% (±0.3 points)",
         "figures": [
          "state.owner_share.2020-2024",
          "state.owner_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "65.2% (±0.3 points)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.owner_share.2020-2024",
          "nation.owner_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Share of households that rent (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25003",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "63.5% (±0.7 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.renter_share.2020-2024",
          "county.renter_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "37.5% (±0.2 points)",
         "figures": [
          "state.renter_share.2020-2024",
          "state.renter_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "34.8% (±0.1 points)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.renter_share.2020-2024",
          "nation.renter_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Homes authorized by building permits (derived)",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2025",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "2,338",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_units.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "12,477",
         "figures": [
          "state.permits_units.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "1,431,616",
         "figures": [
          "nation.permits_units.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Homes authorized per 1,000 existing homes (derived)",
       "source": "Building Permits Survey, 2025; ACS 2020-2024, table B25001",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "6.5 (margin rounds to zero)",
         "figures": [
          "county.permits_per_1000_homes.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "4.1 (margin rounds to zero)",
         "figures": [
          "state.permits_per_1000_homes.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "10.0 (margin rounds to zero)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.permits_per_1000_homes.2025"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Vacant homes",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25002",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "30,123 (±1,387)",
         "figures": [
          "county.vacant_units.2020-2024",
          "county.vacant_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "245,364 (±5,351)",
         "figures": [
          "state.vacant_units.2020-2024",
          "state.vacant_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "14,547,859 (±200,366)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.vacant_units.2020-2024",
          "nation.vacant_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Share of homes that are vacant (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25002",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "8.4% (±0.4 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
          "county.vacancy_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "8.1% (±0.2 points)",
         "figures": [
          "state.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
          "state.vacancy_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "10.1% (±0.1 points)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.vacancy_share.2020-2024",
          "nation.vacancy_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Homes for seasonal or occasional use",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, table B25004",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "4,786 (±653)",
         "figures": [
          "county.seasonal_units.2020-2024",
          "county.seasonal_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "112,328 (±2,504)",
         "figures": [
          "state.seasonal_units.2020-2024",
          "state.seasonal_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "4,743,227 (±43,757)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.seasonal_units.2020-2024",
          "nation.seasonal_units.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      },
      {
       "label": "Share of homes for seasonal or occasional use (derived)",
       "source": "ACS 2020-2024, tables B25002 and B25004",
       "cells": [
        {
         "text": "1.3% (±0.2 points)",
         "figures": [
          "county.seasonal_share.2020-2024",
          "county.seasonal_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "3.7% (±0.1 points)",
         "figures": [
          "state.seasonal_share.2020-2024",
          "state.seasonal_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        },
        {
         "text": "3.3% (margin rounds to zero)",
         "figures": [
          "nation.seasonal_share.2020-2024"
         ],
         "comparisons": []
        }
       ]
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "short": "ACS 2015-2019",
   "name": "U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2015-2019 (table-based summary file, prototype)",
   "address": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2019/prototype/",
   "group": "census",
   "id": "acs5_2019"
  },
  {
   "short": "ACS 2020-2024",
   "name": "U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 (table-based summary file)",
   "address": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/",
   "group": "census",
   "id": "acs5_2024"
  },
  {
   "short": "Building Permits Survey",
   "name": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, annual county and state files, 2015 to 2025",
   "address": "https://www2.census.gov/econ/bps/",
   "group": "census",
   "id": "bps"
  },
  {
   "short": "FHFA HPI",
   "name": "Federal Housing Finance Agency, House Price Index, all-transactions, annual county, state and national files (developmental index)",
   "address": "https://www.fhfa.gov/data/hpi/datasets",
   "group": "fhfa",
   "id": "fhfa_hpi"
  }
 ],
 "attribution": [
  "Source: U.S. Census Bureau.",
  "This report uses U.S. Census Bureau data from bulk files, not the Census Bureau Data API. It is not endorsed or certified by the Census Bureau.",
  "Figures marked derived were calculated by Seven Sky from Census Bureau tables. The Census Bureau is the source of the original data only.",
  "Source: FHFA.",
  "This product uses FHFA data but is neither endorsed nor certified by FHFA."
 ],
 "how_to_read": [
  "Survey figures are estimates from a sample, not exact counts. Each comes with a margin of error at the 90 percent confidence level, shown after the sign ± or the words give or take.",
  "This report states a difference between two figures only when the gap between them is wider than the margin of error of the gap. Otherwise it says the two are not measurably different.",
  "Shares and ratios marked derived were calculated for this report from the published counts. Their margins follow the Census Bureau's published formulas for sums, shares and ratios.",
  "A figure is marked wide margin when its margin of error is at least half the estimate. When the margin is as large as the estimate, the text does not use the figure. This is the report's own rule, not a Census Bureau rating.",
  "The American Community Survey figures cover five years of interviews taken together. They describe the whole period, not its last year.",
  "The building permit counts and the FHFA index come without a published margin of error. The report shows them as published and says so."
 ],
 "figures": {
  "county.median_home_value.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_home_value",
   "label": "Median home value",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "705800.0",
   "moe90": "8139.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25077_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.median_gross_rent.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_gross_rent",
   "label": "Median gross rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "2129.0",
   "moe90": "24.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25064_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.median_household_income.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_household_income",
   "label": "Median household income",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "95631.0",
   "moe90": "1765.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B19013_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.owner_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "owner_share",
   "label": "Share of households that own",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "36.475256",
   "moe90": "0.69353",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25003_002 / B25003_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.renter_burden_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_burden_share",
   "label": "Renters paying 30 percent or more of income on rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "52.038816",
   "moe90": "1.150763",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25070",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "(B25070_007 + _008 + _009 + _010) / (B25070_001 - B25070_011)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.population.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "population",
   "label": "Population",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "785121.0",
   "moe90": "0.0",
   "moe_status": "controlled",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B01003_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.housing_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "housing_units",
   "label": "Homes (housing units)",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "357290.0",
   "moe90": "240.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25001_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.occupied_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "occupied_units",
   "label": "Occupied homes (households)",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "327167.0",
   "moe90": "1440.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25002_002",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.vacant_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "vacant_units",
   "label": "Vacant homes",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "30123.0",
   "moe90": "1387.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25002_003",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.seasonal_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "seasonal_units",
   "label": "Homes for seasonal or occasional use",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "4786.0",
   "moe90": "653.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25004_006",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.owner_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "owner_units",
   "label": "Owner-occupied homes",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "119335.0",
   "moe90": "2329.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003_002",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.renter_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_units",
   "label": "Renter-occupied homes",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "207832.0",
   "moe90": "2448.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003_003",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_rent_pct_income",
   "label": "Median gross rent as a share of household income",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "31.0",
   "moe90": "0.5",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25071_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.renter_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_share",
   "label": "Share of households that rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "63.524744",
   "moe90": "0.694039",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25003_003 / B25003_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.vacancy_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "vacancy_share",
   "label": "Share of homes that are vacant",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "8.430966",
   "moe90": "0.388159",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25002",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25002_003 / B25002_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.seasonal_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "seasonal_share",
   "label": "Share of homes for seasonal or occasional use",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "1.339528",
   "moe90": "0.182762",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25004 and B25002",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25004_006 / B25002_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_severe_burden_share",
   "label": "Renters paying 50 percent or more of income on rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "26.074867",
   "moe90": "0.744768",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25070",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25070_010 / (B25070_001 - B25070_011)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.owner_burden_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "owner_burden_share",
   "label": "Owners paying 30 percent or more of income on housing",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "28.496808",
   "moe90": "1.046094",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25091",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "(B25091_008 to _011 + B25091_019 to _022) / (B25091_001 - B25091_012 - B25091_023)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.value_to_income.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "value_to_income",
   "label": "Median home value divided by median household income",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "7.380452",
   "moe90": "0.160619",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "ratio",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25077 and B19013",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25077_001 / B19013_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.median_home_value.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_home_value",
   "label": "Median home value",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "496500.0",
   "moe90": "4770.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25077_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.median_gross_rent.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_gross_rent",
   "label": "Median gross rent",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "1590.0",
   "moe90": "14.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25064_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.median_household_income.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_household_income",
   "label": "Median household income",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "69669.0",
   "moe90": "1298.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B19013_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.owner_share.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "owner_share",
   "label": "Share of households that own",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "36.086224",
   "moe90": "0.503666",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25003",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25003_002 / B25003_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.renter_burden_share.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_burden_share",
   "label": "Renters paying 30 percent or more of income on rent",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "50.943175",
   "moe90": "1.054698",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25070",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "(B25070_007 + _008 + _009 + _010) / (B25070_001 - B25070_011)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.median_home_value.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_home_value",
   "label": "Median home value",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "562100.0",
   "moe90": "2169.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25077_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.median_gross_rent.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_gross_rent",
   "label": "Median gross rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "1762.0",
   "moe90": "9.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25064_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.median_household_income.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_household_income",
   "label": "Median household income",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "103960.0",
   "moe90": "527.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B19013_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.owner_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "owner_share",
   "label": "Share of households that own",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "62.518195",
   "moe90": "0.285967",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25003_002 / B25003_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.renter_burden_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_burden_share",
   "label": "Renters paying 30 percent or more of income on rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "51.761932",
   "moe90": "0.554525",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25070",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "(B25070_007 + _008 + _009 + _010) / (B25070_001 - B25070_011)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.population.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "population",
   "label": "Population",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "7044056.0",
   "moe90": "0.0",
   "moe_status": "controlled",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B01003_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.housing_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "housing_units",
   "label": "Homes (housing units)",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "3030406.0",
   "moe90": "453.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25001_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.occupied_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "occupied_units",
   "label": "Occupied homes (households)",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "2785042.0",
   "moe90": "5182.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25002_002",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.vacant_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "vacant_units",
   "label": "Vacant homes",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "245364.0",
   "moe90": "5351.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25002_003",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.seasonal_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "seasonal_units",
   "label": "Homes for seasonal or occasional use",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "112328.0",
   "moe90": "2504.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25004_006",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.owner_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "owner_units",
   "label": "Owner-occupied homes",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "1741158.0",
   "moe90": "8598.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003_002",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.renter_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_units",
   "label": "Renter-occupied homes",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "1043884.0",
   "moe90": "6942.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003_003",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_rent_pct_income",
   "label": "Median gross rent as a share of household income",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "30.9",
   "moe90": "0.3",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25071_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.renter_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_share",
   "label": "Share of households that rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "37.481805",
   "moe90": "0.239305",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25003_003 / B25003_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.vacancy_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "vacancy_share",
   "label": "Share of homes that are vacant",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "8.096737",
   "moe90": "0.176573",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25002",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25002_003 / B25002_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.seasonal_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "seasonal_share",
   "label": "Share of homes for seasonal or occasional use",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "3.706698",
   "moe90": "0.082627",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25004 and B25002",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25004_006 / B25002_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_severe_burden_share",
   "label": "Renters paying 50 percent or more of income on rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "26.118902",
   "moe90": "0.436695",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25070",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25070_010 / (B25070_001 - B25070_011)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.owner_burden_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "owner_burden_share",
   "label": "Owners paying 30 percent or more of income on housing",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "26.506914",
   "moe90": "0.305411",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25091",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "(B25091_008 to _011 + B25091_019 to _022) / (B25091_001 - B25091_012 - B25091_023)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.value_to_income.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "value_to_income",
   "label": "Median home value divided by median household income",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "5.406887",
   "moe90": "0.034446",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "ratio",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25077 and B19013",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25077_001 / B19013_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.median_home_value.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_home_value",
   "label": "Median home value",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "381600.0",
   "moe90": "975.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25077_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.median_gross_rent.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_gross_rent",
   "label": "Median gross rent",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "1282.0",
   "moe90": "6.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25064_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.median_household_income.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "median_household_income",
   "label": "Median household income",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "81215.0",
   "moe90": "429.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B19013_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.owner_share.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "owner_share",
   "label": "Share of households that own",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "62.378868",
   "moe90": "0.304529",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25003",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25003_002 / B25003_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.renter_burden_share.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "renter_burden_share",
   "label": "Renters paying 30 percent or more of income on rent",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "49.494035",
   "moe90": "0.456424",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25070",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "(B25070_007 + _008 + _009 + _010) / (B25070_001 - B25070_011)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.median_home_value.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "median_home_value",
   "label": "Median home value",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "332700.0",
   "moe90": "236.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25077_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.median_gross_rent.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "median_gross_rent",
   "label": "Median gross rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "1413.0",
   "moe90": "2.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25064_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.median_household_income.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "median_household_income",
   "label": "Median household income",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "80734.0",
   "moe90": "166.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B19013_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.owner_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "owner_share",
   "label": "Share of households that own",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "65.16426",
   "moe90": "0.264383",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25003_002 / B25003_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.renter_burden_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "renter_burden_share",
   "label": "Renters paying 30 percent or more of income on rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "51.116763",
   "moe90": "0.252375",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25070",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "(B25070_007 + _008 + _009 + _010) / (B25070_001 - B25070_011)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.population.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "population",
   "label": "Population",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "334922499.0",
   "moe90": "0.0",
   "moe_status": "controlled",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B01003_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.housing_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "housing_units",
   "label": "Homes (housing units)",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "143775355.0",
   "moe90": "10234.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25001_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.occupied_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "occupied_units",
   "label": "Occupied homes (households)",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "129227496.0",
   "moe90": "209365.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25002_002",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.vacant_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "vacant_units",
   "label": "Vacant homes",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "14547859.0",
   "moe90": "200366.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25002_003",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.seasonal_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "seasonal_units",
   "label": "Homes for seasonal or occasional use",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "4743227.0",
   "moe90": "43757.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25004_006",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.owner_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "owner_units",
   "label": "Owner-occupied homes",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "84210142.0",
   "moe90": "367889.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003_002",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.renter_units.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "renter_units",
   "label": "Renter-occupied homes",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "45017354.0",
   "moe90": "163571.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003_003",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.median_rent_pct_income.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "median_rent_pct_income",
   "label": "Median gross rent as a share of household income",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "30.6",
   "moe90": "0.1",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25071_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.renter_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "renter_share",
   "label": "Share of households that rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "34.83574",
   "moe90": "0.113297",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25003",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25003_003 / B25003_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.vacancy_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "vacancy_share",
   "label": "Share of homes that are vacant",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "10.118465",
   "moe90": "0.139359",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25002",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25002_003 / B25002_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.seasonal_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "seasonal_share",
   "label": "Share of homes for seasonal or occasional use",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "3.299054",
   "moe90": "0.030433",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25004 and B25002",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25004_006 / B25002_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.renter_severe_burden_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "renter_severe_burden_share",
   "label": "Renters paying 50 percent or more of income on rent",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "25.894794",
   "moe90": "0.069231",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25070",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25070_010 / (B25070_001 - B25070_011)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.owner_burden_share.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "owner_burden_share",
   "label": "Owners paying 30 percent or more of income on housing",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "22.716816",
   "moe90": "0.110982",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25091",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "(B25091_008 to _011 + B25091_019 to _022) / (B25091_001 - B25091_012 - B25091_023)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.value_to_income.2020-2024": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "value_to_income",
   "label": "Median home value divided by median household income",
   "period": "2020-2024",
   "estimate": "4.12094",
   "moe90": "0.008963",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "ratio",
   "source_id": "acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "B25077 and B19013",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25077_001 / B19013_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.median_home_value.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "median_home_value",
   "label": "Median home value",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "217500.0",
   "moe90": "180.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25077_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.median_gross_rent.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "median_gross_rent",
   "label": "Median gross rent",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "1062.0",
   "moe90": "1.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25064_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.median_household_income.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "median_household_income",
   "label": "Median household income",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "62843.0",
   "moe90": "135.0",
   "moe_status": "published",
   "unit": "usd",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B19013_001",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.owner_share.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "owner_share",
   "label": "Share of households that own",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "63.992141",
   "moe90": "0.286421",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25003",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "B25003_002 / B25003_001",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.renter_burden_share.2015-2019": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "renter_burden_share",
   "label": "Renters paying 30 percent or more of income on rent",
   "period": "2015-2019",
   "estimate": "49.553529",
   "moe90": "0.22177",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "acs5_2019",
   "source_ref": "B25070",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "(B25070_007 + _008 + _009 + _010) / (B25070_001 - B25070_011)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2015": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2015",
   "estimate": "5313",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2015a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2016": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2016",
   "estimate": "3439",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2016a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2017": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2017",
   "estimate": "5235",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2017a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2018": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2018",
   "estimate": "3738",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2018a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2019": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2019",
   "estimate": "3169",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2019a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2020": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2020",
   "estimate": "3696",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2020a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2021": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2021",
   "estimate": "3738",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2021a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2022": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2022",
   "estimate": "4069",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2022a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2023": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2023",
   "estimate": "2590",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2023a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2024": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2024",
   "estimate": "2007",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2024a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units.2025": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "2338",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2025a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units_1.2025": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units_1",
   "label": "Homes authorized, single-family",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "231",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2025a.txt",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units_2_4.2025": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units_2_4",
   "label": "Homes authorized, in buildings of two to four homes",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "29",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2025a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "2-units + 3-4 units",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units_5plus.2025": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units_5plus",
   "label": "Homes authorized, in buildings of five or more homes",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "2078",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2025a.txt",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_units_reported.2025": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units_reported",
   "label": "Homes authorized, as reported by permit offices",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "2119",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "co2025a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "sum of the four 'rep' Units columns",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.permits_per_1000_homes.2025": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_per_1000_homes",
   "label": "Homes authorized per 1,000 existing homes",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "6.543704",
   "moe90": "0.004396",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "per_1000",
   "source_id": "bps+acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "co2025a.txt and B25001_001 (2020-2024)",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1000 * permits_units / B25001_001; margin = rate * (margin of B25001_001 / B25001_001)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.permits_units.2025": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "12477",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "st2025a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "state.permits_per_1000_homes.2025": {
   "geo_level": "state",
   "geo_id": "0400000US25",
   "geo_name": "Massachusetts",
   "measure": "permits_per_1000_homes",
   "label": "Homes authorized per 1,000 existing homes",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "4.11727",
   "moe90": "0.000615",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "per_1000",
   "source_id": "bps+acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "st2025a.txt and B25001_001 (2020-2024)",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1000 * permits_units / B25001_001; margin = rate * (margin of B25001_001 / B25001_001)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.permits_units.2025": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "permits_units",
   "label": "Homes authorized by building permits",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "1431616",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "count",
   "source_id": "bps",
   "source_ref": "st2025a.txt",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1-unit + 2-units + 3-4 units + 5+ units (Units columns)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "nation.permits_per_1000_homes.2025": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "permits_per_1000_homes",
   "label": "Homes authorized per 1,000 existing homes",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "9.957312",
   "moe90": "0.000709",
   "moe_status": "derived",
   "unit": "per_1000",
   "source_id": "bps+acs5_2024",
   "source_ref": "st2025a.txt and B25001_001 (2020-2024)",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "1000 * permits_units / B25001_001; margin = rate * (margin of B25001_001 / B25001_001)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.hpi_change_1yr.2025": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "hpi_change_1yr",
   "label": "House price index, change over one year",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "3.4",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "fhfa_hpi",
   "source_ref": "hpi_at_county.xlsx",
   "derived": "no",
   "formula": "",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.hpi_change_5yr.2020-2025": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "hpi_change_5yr",
   "label": "House price index, change over five years",
   "period": "2020-2025",
   "estimate": "34.767442",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "fhfa_hpi",
   "source_ref": "hpi_at_county.xlsx",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "100 * (HPI 2025 / HPI 2020 - 1)",
   "flag": ""
  },
  "county.hpi_change_10yr.2015-2025": {
   "geo_level": "county",
   "geo_id": "0500000US25025",
   "geo_name": "Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
   "measure": "hpi_change_10yr",
   "label": "House price index, change over ten years",
   "period": "2015-2025",
   "estimate": "86.722395",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "percent",
   "source_id": "fhfa_hpi",
   "source_ref": "hpi_at_county.xlsx",
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   "formula": "100 * HPI 2018 / HPI 2015",
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   "formula": "100 * HPI 2019 / HPI 2015",
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   "formula": "100 * HPI 2020 / HPI 2015",
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   "formula": "100 * HPI 2021 / HPI 2015",
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   "formula": "100 * HPI 2022 / HPI 2015",
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   "estimate": "171.515543",
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   "formula": "100 * HPI 2023 / HPI 2015",
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  "nation.hpi_index.2024": {
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   "estimate": "179.907895",
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   "source_id": "fhfa_hpi",
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   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "100 * HPI 2024 / HPI 2015",
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  "nation.hpi_index.2025": {
   "geo_level": "nation",
   "geo_id": "0100000US",
   "geo_name": "United States",
   "measure": "hpi_index",
   "label": "House price index, rebased so 2015 equals 100",
   "period": "2025",
   "estimate": "185.027736",
   "moe90": "",
   "moe_status": "none_published",
   "unit": "index",
   "source_id": "fhfa_hpi",
   "source_ref": "hpi_at_national.xlsx",
   "derived": "yes",
   "formula": "100 * HPI 2025 / HPI 2015",
   "flag": ""
  }
 }
}